LuminAIR’s primary objective is to cryptographically prove that a computational graph has been executed correctly. This proof allows verifiers to validate the computation’s integrity using significantly fewer resources than re-executing the graph. The process is powered by the StwoCompiler and the Stwo prover, enabling efficient proof generation and verification.

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What is Stwo?

Stwo is a next-generation implementation of the Circle STARK protocol, written in Rust. Developed by Starkware, it is an ultra-efficient ZK prover designed for scalable succinct proofs. Stwo unlocks the potential of the highly efficient prime field M31, benefiting the entire ZK-proof ecosystem.

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How LuminAIR Leverages Stwo

The StwoCompiler plays a critical role in transforming and optimizing computational graphs. It assigns each operator in the graph to its corresponding AIR component, preparing the graph for proof generation using the Stwo prover.

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LuminAIR Prover

The LuminAIR prover integrates directly with the Stwo library to:
  1. Implement AIR components for each operator in the computational graph.
  2. Generate an execution trace, which records the state of each operation during execution.
  3. Produce succinct proofs.

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SIMD Backend for Parallelization

The LuminAIR prover currently supports a SIMD backend, allowing parallelized proof generation on devices equipped with SIMD capabilities. For smaller traces or devices without SIMD support, a fallback to CpuBackend ensures compatibility.

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Future Plans: GPU Acceleration

In the roadmap, LuminAIR plans to support Icicle-Stwo, an implementation of Stwo by Ingonyama that enables CUDA-based GPU acceleration. This will significantly enhance proof generation speed for large-scale computation

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LuminAIR Verifier

The LuminAIR verifier, written in Rust, validates proofs generated by the prover. It ensures:
  1. The LogUp sum is correct (Cf. integrity section).
  2. The proof satisfies all constraints defined by the AIR components.

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Future Plans

To expand its trustlessness, LuminAIR plans to implement additional verifier backends:
  1. WASM Verifier: A WebAssembly implementation will allow proofs to be verified directly in web browsers, enabling trustless verification by a client.
  2. Onchain Verification:
    • Implementing the verifier as a Cairo program verified onchain.
    • Using AVSs like Aligned Layer to leverage Ethereum’s crypto-economic security.